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Technische Universität München> Technische Universität MünchenHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon> Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon
Forschungszentrum Jülich> Forschungszentrum Jülich

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KWS-X: The SAXS/WAXS Laboratory Beamline

SAX Labor Overview SAX Labor Overview SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from Metal-jet source view. © Baohu Wu/FRM II

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from Metal-jet source view. © Baohu Wu/FRM II

The customized small(wide) angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) instrument from XENOCS has been installed in the new JCNS building UYL122 since the end of 2021. As one of the most powerful in-house SAXS instruments in the world, it will provide powerfully complementary experimental approaches to our SANS as well as other neutron instruments.
As a young member of our small-angle scattering instruments using X-ray as the beam, KWS-X is equipped with a high flux metal-jet source and a moveable Eiger 2R 4M SAXS detector. With an additional 4-axis motorized WAXS detector and Bonse-Hart USAXS, the scattering vector q can cover a wide area from 0.0002 to 7 Å-1. Compared to other instruments, it also comprises a large sample environment station that can be used with ambient pressure conditions. Many sample environmental accessories make it possible to perform experiments at temperatures from -150 °C to 1000 °C, under shear, tensile, etc.

Technical Data

X-ray source
• Excillum’s MetalJet D2+
• Ga anode 250W 70kV 3,57 mA 20×80 μm
• Flux:

  • 2.45×109 ph/s Full beam model;
  • 6.16×108 ph/s High Flux (HF) model;
  • 8.09×107 ph/s High Resolution (HR);
  • 1.77×106 ph/s Ultra High Resolution (UHR)

Optics and Collimation
FOX 3D Galium multilayer optics
• Slightly focusing optics
• Four motorized independent blades per set of slits (S1, S2 and S3)
• S1 + S3: Collimation length> 1.9 m (Sample chamber or BioCUBE)
• S1 + S2: Collimation length> 1.3 m (XL position)

SAXS Detector: Dectris Eiger2R 4M
• Pixel Size: 75× 5 µm²
• 4,5 Million pixels
• Sensitive Area: 155×163 [mm²]
• Modules (W x H): 2×4
• Count-rate capability: 10⁷ ph/s/pixel
• Q-Xoom: in-vacuum moving detector
• Sample to detector distance > 1.8 m

WAXS Detector: Dectris Eiger2R 500K
• Pixel Size: 75 × 75 µm²
• 4-axis motorized WAXS for simultaneous 2D WAXS measurements

BONSE-HART USAXS
• Monochromator: 2-bounce Bartels Si(111)
• Analyzer: 4-bounce Si(111) channel cut crystals

Features

Wide Q range
SAXS: 0.0015 Å-1 < q < 5 Å-1
USAXS: q_min < 0.0002 Å-1
WAXS: q_max > 7 Å-1
High flux and lower background level
• Possible for time-resolved experiments in second level
Three main measurement positions with maximum flexibility
• Sample chamber, BioCUBE and XL position
• Measurements in both vacuum and air
• Modular conversion of various settings From standard position in chamber to BIOSAXS to XL large sample environment
• Plenty of space for large sample environment.
In-line sample visualization
• 2xCCTV in-line camera + 3 overview camera + 1 endoscope
• Machine vision technology

Sample Environment and Add-ons

Standard sample holders
• 27 positions 1.5 mm capillary holder
• 27 positions 1.5 mm capillary holder
• 25 positions Solids sample holder
• 61 positions Solids sample holder
• 15 positions powder/gel sample holder
• 8 positions powder/gel capsule sample holder (0.5 mm and 1 mm spacer)
Temperature controlled sample holders
• Multi-purpose X-Ray Temperature Stage (-30 – +150°C)
• Multirefillable capillary holder with temperature control (-10°C to +80°C)
• Linkam temperature sample stage MFS350 (capillaries & flat cells, -150 to +350°C)
• Linkam Extended high temperature sample stage (RT to 1000°C)
Flow cells
• Low Noise flow cell (SiN windows)
• Glass capllary flow cell (ID from 1 mm to 2.5mm)
• Polyconbonate capllary flow cells (ID 2 mm)
• BioCUBE flow cell Assembly & cleaning pump system & HPLC connection
Shear and Rheo-SAXS
• Linkam Shear Cell System (-50 to 350°C)
• Anton paar Rheometer- Polyconbonate double cylinder shearing system
Tensile
• Linkam Modular Force Stage
Add-ons
• Standard and advanced GISAXS module
• BioXolver and Cart for sample loading robot
• In-line UV/Vis spectrometer for BioCUBE
• Linkam T96 controller and Lquid Nitrogen pump
• XL Large sample environment station, capacity > 100 kg
• Additional rotation capability for the XL- XZ table
• Metrohm Trtrtion system and reaction cell, pH-counter ion control system
• mT Jumping and stopped flow/ UV-Vis/ Fluorescence
• Permanent magnet (Halbach) arrays
SEC-SAXS
More sample environments from our neutron instrument can be shared with our neutron sample environments. Users can also bring their own sample environment.

Applications

Life and medical science
• Structure and interactions of protein, nucleic acid
• In-situ monitoring of protein conformational changes, protein aggregation
• Characterizing monoclonal antibody-protein antigen interactions
• Hierarchical structures of biomaterials, e.g. collagen, chitosan
• Drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles, vesicles or liposomes
Polymer and soft matter
• Structure of polymers, colloids, hydrogels, surfactants and micellers
• In-situ crystallisation of semi-crystalline polymer
• Determine the phase of self-assembled block-copolymers or liquid crystalline polymers
• Test the tensile properties of polymer or follow the degree of crystallinity
• Microemulsions, complex fluids …
• Colloids, nanocomposites, polymer gels …
Material science
• Structure of fibre, membranes, thin films and nanocomsposites …
• Aerogels, silica foams, coating
• Micro and mesoporous materials, cements, metal and alloys
• Crystal formation during perovskite deposition and other energy materials
Food science
• Monitor the size, shape and stability of fat globules in dairy upon aging, drying and digestion
• Crystalline fraction and lamellar structure in starchy
• Structure and size of polysaccharides and proteins in hydrated systems
• Oleo-gelator network

How to apply beamtime

You can contact us directly to apply for beam time
• Please write a short introduction in a 1 page proposal with a brief science background, proposed experiment plan, request measuring time, reference …
• Usually, external users can request beamtime of 1 to 2 days, except for some complicated set up

Contact

Dr. Baohu Wu
Email: ba.wu@fz-juelich.de
Phone: +49 (0)89 158860-687

SAXS Labor (KWS-X, UYL 122)
Phone: +49 (0)89 158860-122

KWS-X: The new SAXS/WAXS Laboratory Beamline

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline overview.

The new SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline. © MLZ

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Gallery

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from Metal-jet source view.

© Baohu Wu/FRM II
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04_SAXS-WAXS

SAXS detector in the detector chamber.

© MLZ
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Sample measuring in open-air position XL.

© MLZ
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USAXS Analyzer move out in sample chamber.

© MLZ
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SAXS-WAXS beamline in the laboratory.

© MLZ
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06_SAXS-WAXS

Peltier stage in sample chamber.

© MLZ
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BIOSAXS Robot autosampler.

© MLZ
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SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from top view.

© MLZ
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05_SAXS-WAXS

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline overview.

© MLZ
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01_SAXS-WAXS

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline overview.

© MLZ
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02_SAXS-WAXS

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from right side view.

© MLZ

SAXS-WAXS laboratory beamline from Metal-jet source view.

© Baohu Wu/FRM II

MLZ is a cooperation between:

Technische Universität München> Technische Universität MünchenHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon> Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon
Forschungszentrum Jülich> Forschungszentrum Jülich

MLZ is a member of:

LENS> LENSERF-AISBL> ERF-AISBL

MLZ on social media: